The mean level of pm 10, no 2 and co in all the air quality monitoring locations exceeded the us naaqs us national ambient air quality standard and nigerian national ambient air quality standards except the no 2 concentration at umuago urualla, while so 2 level was within nigerian naaqs limit but. This paper analyses the dangers of air and noise pollution to the environment and exposes the laws applicable in nigeria to control these issues. Nigeria s formal environmental regime has developed significantly from humble beginnings. Air pollution is regulated by three major pieces of regulation issued by the national environmental standards and regulation enforcement agency, these are the national guidelines and standards for environmental pollution control in nigeria. The results obtained in this study were compared with air quality index aqi. To evaluate the effect of these measures in controlling air pollution in nigeria. Examining air pollution and control measures in urban centers of nigeria suleiman iguda ladan department of basic and applied sciences, hassan usman katsina polytechnic, katsina, katsina state, nigeria. Spatial patterns of urban air pollution in an industrial.
Air pollution is believed to kill more people worldwide. Raising issues with nigerias air quality and standards. It outlines the evolution of the scientific evidence on the health effects of air pollution and of its interpretation, supporting policy and other decisionmakers in setting outdoor and indoor air quality management strategies worldwide. Pdf vehicular emissions and air quality standards in nigeria. Air quality standards are concentrations recorded over a given time period, which are considered to be acceptable in terms of what is. The clean air act identifies two types of national ambient air quality standards. Monitoring air quality allows indiana to track compliance with applicable primary and secondary ambient air quality standards, support the timely reporting of air quality forecasts and longterm health assessments, and track the longterm air quality trends to gauge the. The minister shall publish in the gazette the minimum air quality standards prepared by the national environmental standards committee. Introduction to iso air quality standards engineering your success. Measurement, survey, air quality, portharcourt, pollutants, nigeria.
Air and rainwater samples were collected during the dry and wet seasons in 20112012 and analyzed for the above physicochemical. This year we focus not only on ambient outdoor air pollution but also, for the first time, on household air pollution from the burning of solid. Ambient air quality monitoring in metropolitan city of lagos, nigeria. Outdoor air pollution is a mix of chemicals, particulate matter, and biological materials that react with each other to form tiny hazardous particles. Measurement, survey and assessment of air quality in. Share from arthapedia ambient air quality refers to the condition or quality of air surrounding us in the outdoors. Nigerian national ambient air quality standardsnaaaqs and the. Crowcon gasmann portable gas monitor model ce89336eec was used for the monitoring of co and no 2, at ten different locations. Introduction air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or cause damage to the natural environment or built environment, into the atmosphere. Nigerias formal environmental regime has developed significantly from humble beginnings. This study presents physicochemical characteristics no 3, so 4 2, co 3 2, suspended particulate matter, co and ph in air from qua iboe estuary investigated as a result of the gas flare site located in mkpanak, ibeno in coastal area of akwa ibom state, nigeria. Air quality assessment is critical to tackling air pollution in ghana. The air quality index aqi is a rating scale for outdoor air.
Air quality standards, on the other hand, are set by each country to protect the public health of their. According to the latest air quality database, 97% of cities in low and middle income countries with more than 100,000 inhabitants do not meet who air quality guidelines. Examining air pollution and control measures in urban centers. The standard consists of nine separate parts, with part 1 specifying the quality requirements of the compressed air and parts 2 9 specifying the methods of testing for a range of contaminants. Studies have also continued to illuminate the causes of air pollution, helping us understand why air quality is worse in some places and better in others.
The knowledge from the knowledge from this investigation will assist authority in planni ng adequate pollution. Secondary standards provide public welfare protection, including protection against decreased visibility and damage to animals, crops, vegetation, and buildings. To begin, we first describe the air quality assessment tool developed by epa to relate lead emissions to ambient lead concentrations. The clean air act, which was last amended in 1990, requires epa to set national ambient air quality standards 40 cfr part 50 for pollutants considered harmful to public health and the environment. Environmental standards and regulation enforcement agency nesrea.
The city of abuja is the new federal capital territory fct of nigeria with fast urbanization and industrialization. Air pollution and management in the niger delta wit press. Barnes air quality management resource centre, university of the west of england, bristol, uk abstract this paper provides an overview of the emergent public health risks attributable to air pollution in lagos and solutions to reduce. Units of measure for the standards are parts per million ppm by volume, parts per billion ppb by volume, and. National ambient air quality standards are the standards for ambient air quality set by the central pollution control board. Lagos was the former capital of nigeria 1914 to 1991, it lies in the southwestern part of the federal republic of nigeria within the latitudes 6. Examining air pollution and control measures in urban. Air quality index of co and no 2 in ambient air of jemita. Who standards for co, so2 and nox are 5ppm for 8hour average. Vehicular emissions and air quality standards in nigeria article pdf available in european journal of scientific research 344. Ambient air quality monitoring in metropolitan city of. The primary standards are designed to protect the health of sensitive populations such as asthmatics, children, and the elderly.
Ambient air quality limits serve to indicate what levels of exposure to pollution are generally safe for most people, including the very young and the elderly, over their lifetimes. Oil exploration in the niger delta region of nigeria has grossly reduced the quality of air in the region and beyond. Nigeria air quality can affect your health, make sure to get a proper air pollution protection with our free tools nigeria air quality app get airvisual, the worlds leading air quality app to track the air pollution around you, accurately. Roadside air quality higher than epa guideline level of 70gm3 as compared with that of. The release of vehicle exhaust into the air is one of the major sources of air pollution in nigeria especially in the urban centers where many people owned motor vehicles and. Air quality is assessed by the concentrations of those pollutants in the ambient air. The world health organisation who, recently rated onitsha as worlds most polluted city for air quality, when measuring small particulate matter concentration pm10. The national air quality objectives and eu limit and target values with which the uk must comply are summarised in the national air quality objectives pdf 109 kb of the air quality strategy. To effectively carry out these regulatory activities, the. Abstract air pollution is an acute problem in developing countries especially their cities. Vehicular emissions and air quality standards in nigeria cram. Towards a new framework for air quality management in nigeria. Vehicular emissions and air quality standards in nigeria.
In nigeria, there is neither a legislative framework nor a set standard to. Introduction air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or cause damage to the natural environment or. Records of air quality data in the region are sourced mainly through discrete efforts for impact assessment of facilities aimed at implementing various regulations on the environment. The lower the aqi value the better the air quality. Since 1988 the nigerian government has introduced environmental legislation aimed at reducing. The world health organisation who, recently rated onitsha as worlds most polluted city for air quality. Review of urban air quality in subsaharan africa region air quality profile of ssa countries dieter schwela public disclosure authorized public disclosure authorized public disclosure authorized public disclosure authorized. The who global ambient air quality database is continuously being updated.
National ambient air quality standards naaqs the clean air act, which was last amended in 1990, requires epa to set national ambient air quality standards 40 cfr part 50 for pollutants considered harmful to public health and the environment. The naaqs are health based and the epa sets two types of standards. It contributes to breathing problems, chronic diseases, increased hospitalization, and premature mortality. A case study of abujanigeria hassan, shuaibu musa1 2and abdullahi. For the umpteenth time, nigeria has been in the news globally for the wrong reasons. It is not known how proactive the lagos air quality monitoring study laqms, initiated in 2007 has been but the agencies charged with the responsibility should be diligent in performing their. Air quality guidelines in operation being converted into standards, by 2016.
National environmental standards and regulations enforcement. Ambient air quality monitoring in metropolitan city of lagos. The need to assess the air quality in fct cannot be taken out of context owing to the rapid growing population in the federal. National air quality standards for pm were first established in 1971 and were not significantly revised until 1987 when epa changed the indicator to focus on inhalable particles, which are particles equal to or smaller than 10 microns pm 10. Microbiological analysis of outdoor air quality of male. Nigeria, air quality management, air pollution, air quality standards and objectives, environmental legislation, environmental policy, nesrea, trafficrelated emissions. This publication, the third annual state of global air report, presents the latest information on. Having been initiated in the colonial period during which environmental issues were generally couched within public health regulation, and having developed in a rather ad hoc manner in the early days of independence during which heavy reliance was placed on the law of nuisance, nigeria now has a. Chapter 3 air quality standards and objectives at a glance air quality limits and thresholds are fundamental to effective air quality management. Iso iso international standards organisation is the worlds largest developer and publisher of international standards. Limits on the quantity of pollutants in air, that are not to be exceeded during a given period in a defined area. This study was aimed at monitoring the ambient air quality along some busy locations within jimetayola metropolis of adamawa state, nigeria. Iso8573 the compressed air quality standard iso8573 is the group of international standards relating to the quality or purity of compressed air.
Raising issues with nigeria s air quality and standards. Without data showing national or international air quality standards are being breached, there would be no urge for authorities to act on air pollution levels. It also gives an in depth exposition of the acts of gas flaring by major oil companies most especially. Framing air pollution as a major health risk in lagos, nigeria a. National airquality standards for pm were first established in 1971 and were not significantly revised until 1987 when epa changed the indicator to focus on inhalable particles, which are particles equal to or smaller than 10 microns pm 10. The result indicate that the concentration of co and no 2 indiana to track compliance with applicable primary and secondary ambient air quality standards, support the timely reporting of air quality forecasts and longterm health assessments, and track the. Ghana air quality catalogue this document is based on research that unep conducted in 2015, in response to resolution 7 of the unea 1. Guidelines and standards for environmental pollution control in nigeria. Air quality assessment studies in nigeria have focused mainly on urban centres where. The who air quality guidelines offer guidance on reducing the effects on health of air pollution.
Dec 11, 2016 for the umpteenth time, nigeria has been in the news globally for the wrong reasons. The aqi rating for the criteria air pollutants is shown in table 3. The effects of air pollution on nigeria s economic development. Ema air quality standards final draft 12 october 2007. Nov 21, 2019 air quality concentrations once air pollutants are released into the atmosphere they undergo a series of physical and chemical transformations to finally end up deposited on the ground, waters and vegetation, and are inhaled by humans and animals. Who air quality guidelines for particulate matter, ozone. Lagos was the former capital of nigeria 1914 to 1991, it lies in the southwestern part of. The third grade standard of environmental quality standards for surface.
The national guidelines and standards for environmental pollution control in nigeria. The study was conducted from july, 2015 to march, 2016. The clean air act requires the epa to set us national ambient air quality standards naaqs for the six caps. However, populations in lowincome cities are the most impacted.
The greatest drawback of existing information in characterizing the regional air quality of nigerias delta region is that they are not continuous. Vehicular emissions and air quality standards in nigeria 551 due to traffic is believed to have constituted severe health problems especially in urban areas where pollution levels are on the increase. Who global ambient air quality database update 2018. Nigeria air quality policies this document is based on research that.
Framing air pollution as a major health risk in lagos, nigeria. The epa has set national ambient air quality standards for six principal pollutants, which are called criteria air pollutants. Air quality in lagos the guardian nigeria news nigeria. To protect air quality in nigeria, the fepa federal environmental protection agency has mandated air quality standard for the following air pollutants sulphur dioxide so 2, nitrogen dioxide no 2,hydrogensulphide h 2. Vehicular emissions and air qu ality standards in nigeria 559. The state of global air report brings into one place the most recent information available on levels and trends in air quality and health for countries around the globe. Raising issues with nigerias air quality and standards the. Air quality assessment methodology this chapter presents the methods used to estimate the air quality impacts of the emissions control strategies outlined in chapter 4 of this document.
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